Research · Results

The results behind the verification layer.

QSI has been validated across banking, legal, medical, customer-support, and open-chat answers — thousands of evaluations spanning open and frontier models. Here is what holds.

12+
models · cross-model on hard banking
0.83
AUC · pooled across 5 domains · 10 models
5
domains validated end-to-end
thousands
independent evaluations
Cross-model coverage

One detector, 12 models (banking).

On the hardest single domain, the same checkpoint separates correct from incorrect answers across 6 frontier and 6 open-weight models. It is the model's mistakes QSI reads — not a model it was tuned for. The pooled five-domain figure (AUC 0.83) is the canonical headline.

frontier open weightAUC · per model on hard banking questions · 0.5 = chance
Category coverage

Where weaker models go wrong.

QSI catches the mistakes weaker and specialized models make — error rates of 40–73% on hard items, surfaced before they reach users.

Domain Hard-item error rate What QSI is catching
Science 52% Graduate-level reasoning where confident-sounding answers are often wrong.
Mathematics 61% Multi-step problems where a single slip invalidates the result.
Medicine 44% High-stakes factual recall where a wrong answer cannot reach a user.
Code 73% Subtle logic and edge-case errors that pass a quick read but fail in production.
General knowledge 40% Broad factual questions spanning everyday and specialist domains.

Error rates illustrate how often weaker/specialized models are wrong on hard items — the failures QSI surfaces. Figures are indicative of the coverage range, not a single benchmark.

Methodology & limitations

How we measured — and what we are still proving.

We report numbers the way we ask customers to trust them: scoped to their set, with the caveats stated up front.

  • Independent judge: a separate model re-reads each (question, answer) pair and we score P(YES)−P(NO) on its first token against ground truth. Pooled headline: AUC 0.83 (95% CI 0.79–0.86) across 10 models and 5 domains.
  • Not one model family agreeing with itself: in the main matrix the judge and the reference oracle are both from our own judge family. We re-graded the full banking set with an independent frontier-model family (a different vendor from our judge) — the judge AUC held at 0.924, and the two oracle families agreed 90% of the time. Wider cross-family validation is in progress.
  • An operating point, not just AUC: on banking, at a 90%-precision threshold QSI reaches 71% wrong-answer recall while flagging about 5% of correct ones — the candor a reviewer needs to size the cost of the gate.
  • External public-benchmark validation now spans five model families on SimpleQA-Verified — pooled AUC 0.808, independent of our own scenarios. What we do not over-claim: the model’s own token-entropy is near chance on facts and is not, on its own, a validated bad-code detector — on code the structural completion check and the independent judge carry the signal, not entropy; and the agentic-orchestration result is a directional, control-armed simulation — QSI-guided escalation roughly doubled a same-cost random-escalate baseline (38.9% vs 20.4%) and lifted a no-verification floor ~5× (7.4%→38.9%), so the gain is the judge targeting the right step, not just a bigger model. Every figure is scoped to its set; none is stated as an absolute guarantee.

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